In a large pot of boiling salted water, cook the penne pasta according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside.
In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium-high heat. Add the chicken pieces and season with salt, pepper, Italian seasoning, and red pepper flakes. Cook until the chicken is browned and cooked through, about 5-7 minutes. Remove the chicken from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, add the minced garlic and sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant.
Pour in the chicken broth and bring to a simmer. Allow it to reduce slightly for about 2-3 minutes.
Stir in the heavy cream and bring the mixture back to a gentle simmer.
Add the cooked penne pasta and chicken back into the skillet, stirring to combine.
Gradually mix in the grated Parmesan cheese until melted and the sauce is creamy. Adjust seasoning with salt and pepper as needed.
Serve hot, garnished with chopped parsley.